Performance & Benchmarks
This page documents how JPDFConvert performs across devices and workloads, the benchmarking methodology we use, practical performance tips, and how to interpret results. Because JPDFConvert runs entirely in the browser, performance is determined primarily by three things: the user’s device (CPU and memory), the browser implementation, and workload characteristics (file sizes, image content, DOCX complexity). Understanding these variables helps you get predictable, fast results.
Why Performance Matters
Speed affects user experience, retention, and accessibility. Users expect conversions to finish within a few seconds for typical documents. Slow conversions cause frustration, abandonments, and higher support load. In resource-constrained environments (low-end phones, older laptops), heavy operations may stall the page or cause the browser to kill the tab. Designing conversion workflows with performance in mind reduces these risks and ensures reliability across a broad user base.
Benchmarking Goals
Our benchmarks aim to answer practical questions:
- How long does a typical JPG-to-PDF conversion take on a mid-range smartphone?
- What memory footprint should we expect when converting a 50MB DOCX with images?
- How does parallel processing (batch) compare with sequential processing?
- Which optimization options (downsampling, lossy compression) have the best size/time trade-off?
Test Environment & Methodology
To produce reliable numbers we follow a consistent methodology:
- Representative devices: We test across a matrix including an entry-level Android phone (~2–3 years old), a popular mid-range phone, a recent flagship phone, a budget laptop, and a modern desktop. This covers the practical range of user hardware.
- Multiple browsers: Chrome (stable), Edge (Chromium), Firefox, and Safari (on iOS/macOS) are used because JS engines and memory management differ significantly.
- Warm vs cold runs: Each test is repeated multiple times. The first run measures "cold" load cost (including library initialization); subsequent runs measure steady-state performance.
- Controlled files: We use curated test documents: photo-heavy PDFs (many high-res images), mixed-layout DOCX (tables+images), text-heavy PDFs, and long multipage scanned documents.
- Metrics collected: elapsed time (ms), peak memory usage (MB, when measurable), CPU utilization (approx), and final output size (MB). We also capture UI responsiveness — whether the page remained interactive during processing.
Representative Results (Summary)
The numbers below are illustrative aggregated medians from our lab tests (October 2025). Actual results vary by device and browser.
- Single JPG → PDF (10MP image): mid-range phone ~2.2s; desktop ~0.35s.
- Batch JPG (5 images, 10MP each) → single PDF: mid-range phone ~7–9s (sequential); desktop ~1.2s.
- PNG with transparency → PDF: slightly slower than JPG due to PNG decoding; expect +20–30% time vs JPG on mobile.
- DOCX → PDF (20 pages, images+tables): mid-range phone ~8–12s; desktop ~1.5–3s. DOCX parsing (mammoth) is the dominant cost.
- Large scan PDF (50 pages, 3000×4000 scans): mobile may take 20–60s and risk memory pressure; desktop performs significantly better but can still take multiple seconds per page depending on operations.
Interpreting the Numbers
Two practical takeaways:
- Image size dominates: Pixel count matters more than file bytes. A compressed but large-dimension image will use more memory and take longer to render/resample than many small images.
- Parsing cost: For DOCX and other structured formats, the parsing stage (DOM-like traversal, style preprocessing) is significant. Clean, simple source files convert faster than heavily styled documents.
Memory Considerations
Browsers enforce memory limits per tab in practice. On mobile devices, available heap might be constrained (often <1GB). When an operation requires more memory than available, the page may become unresponsive or the browser may kill the process. We mitigate this by:
- Processing images one at a time and discarding in-memory references after they are embedded into the PDF.
- Downsampling very large images before maintaining multiple copies in memory.
- Providing options to split large jobs into smaller batches to keep memory usage bounded.
Batching Strategies: Sequential vs. Parallel
Parallel processing can reduce wall-clock time on multicore devices but increases peak memory. For client-side conversion we generally recommend a hybrid approach:
- Small batches (2–4 files) in parallel on desktops with ample memory.
- Sequential processing on phones and low-memory devices to avoid crashes.
JPDFConvert detects approximate device memory class and defaults to safe sequential processing on constrained devices, while allowing power users to opt into more parallelism.
Optimization Options & Their Impact
We expose a few optimization knobs and measured their relative impact:
- Downsampling images to 1500–2000px width: reduces output size by 40–70% with negligible visual difference for screen viewing; processing time on mobile also drops substantially because less pixel data is manipulated.
- Lossy vs lossless: switching to lossy JPEG at quality 75 yields major size wins on photographs; line-art and text images should remain lossless to preserve legibility.
- Font subsetting: reduces font-related overhead dramatically for documents with limited character sets (e.g., English reports).
- Metadata stripping: small savings but desirable for privacy and marginal size reduction.
Responsive UI & Long-Running Jobs
Maintaining a responsive UI is critical. Blocking the main thread for long tasks causes the whole page to freeze. Our approach:
- Chunked processing: Break heavy operations into smaller microtasks and yield to the event loop (via setTimeout / requestAnimationFrame). This keeps the UI responsive and allows progress updates.
- Progress indicators: Provide accurate progress bars and per-page status so users know the app is working.
- Cancellation: Allow users to cancel an in-flight conversion; cancellation stops further work, frees memory, and returns the UI to an idle state.
Device-Specific Tips
For best results, recommend the following to users:
- Mobile users: Close other heavy apps, avoid battery saver modes that throttle CPU, and process smaller batches.
- Tablet users: Tablets perform closer to mid-range laptops; batching of moderate size is acceptable.
- Desktop users: Use the high-performance mode in settings for parallel processing and higher quality outputs.
- Browser choice: Chrome/Edge generally perform best in our tests due to highly optimized V8 engines; Safari's WebKit on iOS may impose stricter memory limits.
Real-World Example Scenarios
Scenario A — Student: Converting a 15-slide assignment with embedded photos on a mid-range phone. Recommended workflow: batch 3–5 slides at a time, downsample images to 1500px, choose JPEG quality ~80. Expected time: ~6–10s for entire set with a compact output suitable for emailing.
Scenario B — Freelancer: Preparing a portfolio of high-res mockups for print. Use desktop, enable high-fidelity settings (no downsampling, lossless where needed), and generate a separate distribution copy using mild compression for web use. Expected time: desktop conversion completes in seconds; web-ready copy compresses quickly.
Scenario C — Archive of scanned forms: Large scanned PDFs (300 DPI) often inflate size. Use batch OCR + compression: first downsample scans to 300–400 DPI for archival, apply monochrome conversion for purely black-and-white documents, and run OCR to make files searchable. This reduces size and improves utility.
Developer Notes & Instrumentation
Developers integrating JPDFConvert into larger systems should instrument key events:
- Track conversion start and completion timestamps for telemetry (anonymized and opt-in).
- Record device class (mobile / tablet / desktop) and approximate memory tiers to adapt defaults.
- Capture error codes and memory warnings to detect workload patterns that cause crashes.
Note: telemetry should always be opt-in and non-identifying to respect privacy-first principles.
Measuring Performance Locally
If you want to benchmark conversions on your device, follow this simple recipe:
- Open an Incognito/Private window to reduce background interference from extensions.
- Use a consistent input file set (same images/DOCX) for repeated runs.
- Run multiple iterations and take the median time to reduce noise.
- Monitor memory in the browser devtools (Performance/Memory panels) to observe peak usage.
Common Performance Pitfalls
Watch out for these frequent causes of poor performance:
- Uploading many extremely large images at once (e.g., 6000×4000 photos) without downsampling.
- Heavy inline styling or complex Word layouts that make DOCX parsing expensive.
- Attempting large parallel batches on constrained devices.
- Not yielding during heavy loops, causing the UI to freeze.
Fallback Strategies
When the device cannot complete a requested job, provide graceful fallbacks:
- Suggest splitting the job and provide an automatic splitter tool.
- Offer a "low-memory" or "safe" mode that reduces parallelism and applies more aggressive downsampling.
- Persist intermediate results locally (e.g., using IndexedDB) to avoid losing progress on accidental navigation events.
Accessibility & Performance
Accessibility improvements often intersect with performance. For example, adding detailed accessibility tags increases processing, but it's important to preserve those tags. JPDFConvert optimizes tags separately to avoid a large performance hit while maintaining compliance. When working with assistive tech users, prioritize correctness over marginal performance gains.
Future Work & Roadmap
We continue to invest in performance: WebAssembly-accelerated image codecs, smarter heuristics for automatic downsampling, and adaptive concurrency based on device telemetry (opt-in). Future releases aim to push heavy lifting into optimized worker threads and reduce main-thread impact even further.
Practical Checklist Before Conversion
- Are your source images excessively large? If yes, downsample before converting.
- Is your device in power-saving mode? If yes, disable it for speed-sensitive conversions.
- Do you need maximum fidelity or distribution-ready size? Choose settings accordingly.
- If processing many files, consider running on a desktop for best throughput.
Closing Notes
Performance is a product-quality axis that impacts every user interaction. JPDFConvert's browser-first architecture delivers a privacy-preserving, fast experience for most typical documents. By following the guidelines above and choosing sensible defaults for device class, users and integrators can achieve predictable, high-performance conversions without sacrificing privacy or quality.